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Unfilmed and Unequalled: The Power of L3Harris Night-Vision Tube Technology

Night vision systems with advanced image intensifier tube technology delivers amplified visibility in low-light environments so troops can see targets first and engage them before being seen.

Night vision technology has also advanced significantly over the years, including enhanced image quality, sensitivity and overall performance to keep up with emerging challenges they face on the battlefield.

“Much of the night vision system’s performance a user receives depends on the type – and quality – of the tube technology it leverages,” said Sven Rowley, Account Management Director, L3Harris Technologies. “The challenge for defense organizations today is that there are few meaningful industry-wide testing standards that objectively evaluate tubes against each other with quantitative data about important characteristics.”

A History of Innovation

L3Harris Night-Vision Tube Technology - purple sky at Nellis AFB

Image intensifier technology began to emerge before World War II, but the first “generation” (Gen I) tube wasn’t invented until the 1960s. Since then, technology improvements have led to the introduction of several generations of image intensifier tubes, based on U.S. military definitions.

Gen II tubes emerged in the late 1970s and expanded mission options while increasing tube resolution and lifespan through improved photocathodes and introducing microchannel plates. Gen III tubes, now widely used in western militaries with enhanced sensitivity for tactical operations, introduced a gallium arsenide photocathode and an ion barrier to the microchannel plates in the 1980s, dramatically increasing resolution, brightness and lifespan.

“As the Trusted Disruptor in the defense industry, L3Harris Technologies goes a step further than competitors to deliver an unfilmed Gen III tube to provide exceptional resolution, even in low light, and a longer lifespan,” said Jon Burnsed, Senior Systems Engineering Scientist, L3Harris. “The removal of the ion barrier and inclusion of auto-gating to manage bright light conditions facilitates higher-end tactical mission sets.”

As there is no military specification to define a “Gen IV” designation, such a tube generation does not currently exist, added Rowley.

There are several factors that position Gen III tubes – and more specifically, unfilmed Gen III tubes – well above other options in the market. For instance, the gallium arsenide photocathode significantly enhances low-light sensitivity, providing the higher gain needed to covertly operate in ultra-dark conditions without active illumination.

The advantage of unfilmed tubes starts at the microchannel plate. The elimination of the input ion barrier film greatly increases durability while reducing risk of shock damage and decreasing halo size. This, combined with the higher-performing Gen III photocathode and the ultra-fine microchannel plate leads to a higher signal-to-noise ratio, resulting in clearer and more detailed images.

There are many interlocking factors that contribute to longer operations life in Gen III night vision goggles, beginning with the ion barrier film. L3Harris’ advanced technology eliminates it completely, while simultaneously extending gain life by years. Other contributors to extended operational life are thermal management, auto-gating and advanced manufacturing techniques.

“Only Gen III tubes from L3Harris – designed to the most advanced requirements and manufactured to the most stringent conditions in the industry – provide the necessary tactical advantage in the darkest real-world environments,” said Rowley. “They have been proven to deliver reliable performance for over 20,000 hours of useful life, especially in the mixed-light urban locations that often define today’s battlespace.”

Why L3Harris

There is only a certain amount of light any tube can be exposed to before it degrades. L3Harris tubes are lab-proven to be able to withstand higher volumes of light for far longer due to the combined use of gallium arsenide photocathode material, improved tube manufacturing processes and better internal tube components, according to Burnsed.

L3Harris Night-Vision Tube Technology

The advantages of unfilmed tubes also deliver extreme shock resistance when compared to filmed Gen III tubes. L3Harris unfilmed tubes are the most robust and rugged choice for tough, real-world conditions, because there is no ion barrier film that could touch the photocathode when the microchannel plate flexes during shock load, destroying the tube.

“L3Harris has developed and patented technology to suppress halo effects due to bright light sources, effectively sharpening the image by reducing the ‘smearing’ effect on bright/dark boundaries in the scene,” said Burnsed. “We have also developed a superior process to eliminate reduced gain life when delivering increased tube brightness. This means the user no longer has to choose between performance and reliability.”

L3Harris unfilmed tubes can operate at a gain over 100,000, roughly double the industry standard, while remaining the most stable image intensifier tubes available, added Rowley.

L3Harris tests Gen III reliability using the U.S. government’s required military specification accelerated reliability testing method. Through this methodology, the company estimates its tubes can last for at least 10 years or 10,000 hours of service life without degradation.

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